Flitcroft DI. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2012)
High myopia comes with a heightened risk of cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and myopic maculopathy. The article discusses these pathologies and the associated risks.
Breslin, KMM. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (2013)
A study of white Northern Irish school children and the change in refractive error and axial length (AL) over a 3-year period. Younger children experience greater changes versus teenagers; in comparison to their East Asian peers, they experience a far less dramatic change.
Gifford KL et al. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (2019)
Whitepaper outlining best practice for managing the pre- and progressing myope and gives an overview of evidence-based risk factors, selection of treatment strategies including how to manage myopia in children after diagnosis.
Ngo C et al. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics (2013)
A discussion of the possible explanations for why time spent outdoors appear to have a protective effect on emerging myopia, such as light intensity, distance to objects and more.
Ramamurthy D et al. Clinical & Experimental Optometry (2015)
Possible factors for why time spent outdoors has a protective effect on myopia are discussed and risk factors such as near work, birth seasons, smoking and birth order are looked at.
Rosenfield M et al. Optometry & Vision Science (2002)
Study looking at whether an increased lag of accommodation is an indication of
pre-myopia or accompanies myopia.
Wildsoet CF et al. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (2019)
White paper reviewing evidence behind available clinical interventions for managing myopia: optical, pharmacological, environmental and surgical.
Wollffsohn JS et al Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (2019)
Report overview summarizing the findings from International Myopia Institute whitepapers looking at definitions of myopia, risk factor identification, treatment guidelines and ethical considerations.
Wu PC et al. Ophthalmology (2020)
Study of Taiwanese school children and the effect of time spent outdoors on myopia progression.
Xiong S et al. Acta Ophthalmologica (2017)
Article evaluating current evidence on the impact of time spent outdoors on myopia onset and myopia progression.
Xiang F. Ophthalmology (2012)
A longitudinal study of the onset of myopia in Chinese children and the annual changes in refraction and other ocular components.
When to wear it
Considerations
Shown to improve confidence and ability to participate in activities.
Typically more availability for astigmats.
No wearing time during waking hours.
Optical correction is still needed.
* Excluding children frequently engaged in water sports.